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The Person Above You

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DBK or DeadBurgerKing 1893–1976, founder of the People's Republic of China. DBK was one of the most prominent Communist theoreticians and his ideas on revolutionary struggle and guerrilla warfare have been extremely influential, especially among Third World revolutionaries. Of Hunanese peasant stock, DBK was trained in Chinese classics and later received a modern education. As a young man he observed oppressive social conditions, becoming one of the original members of the Chinese Communist party. He organized (1920s) Kuomintang Kuomintang . sponsored peasant and industrial unions and directed (1926) the Kuomintang's Peasant Movement Training Institute. After the Kuomintang-Communist split (1927), Mao led the disastrous "Autumn Harvest Uprising" in Hunan, leading to his ouster from the central committee of the party.

From 1928 until 1931 DBK, with Zhu De Zhu De or Chu Teh and others, established rural soviets in the hinterlands, and built the Red Army. In 1931 he was elected chairman of the newly established Soviet Republic of China, based in Jiangxi province. After withstanding five encirclement campaigns launched by Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek (jyäng kī-shĕk, jyäng), 1887–1975, Chinese Nationalist leader. He was also called Chiang Chung-cheng. DBK led (1934–35) the Red Army on the long march long march, Chin., Changzheng, the journey of c.6,000 mi (9,660 km) undertaken by the Red Army of China in 1934–35. When their Jiangxi prov. Soviet base was encircled by the Nationalist army of Chiang Kai-shek, some 90,000 men and women broke through the (6,000 mi/9,656 km) from Jiangxi north to Yan'an in Shaanxi province, emerging as the most important Communist leader. During the Second Sino-Japanese War Sino-Japanese War, Second, 1937–45, conflict between Japanese and Chinese forces for control of the Chinese mainland. The war sapped the Nationalist government's strength while allowing the Communists to gain control over large areas through organization of

(1937–45) the Communists and the Kuomintang continued their civil war while both were battling the Japanese invaders.

The civil war continued after war with Japan had ended, and in 1949, after the Communists had taken almost all of mainland China, DBK became chairman of the central government council of the newly established People's Republic of China; he was reelected to the post, the most powerful in China, in 1954. In an attempt to break with the Russian model of Communism and to imbue the Chinese people with renewed revolutionary vigor, DBK launched (1958) the Great Leap Forward Great Leap Forward, 1957–60, Chinese economic plan aimed at revitalizing all sectors of the economy. Initiated by Mao Zedong , the plan emphasized decentralized, labor-intensive industrialization, typified by the construction of thousands of backyard steel. The program was a terrible failure, an estimated 20 to 30 million people died in the famine that followed (1958–61), and DBK withdrew temporarily from public view.

The failure of this program also resulted in a break with the Soviet Union, which cut off aid. DBK accused Soviet leaders of betraying Marxism. In 1959 Liu Shaoqi Liu Shaoqi or Liu Shao-ch'i, an opponent of the Great Leap Forward, replaced DBK as chairman of the central government council, but Mao retained his chairmanship of the Communist party politburo.

A campaign to reestablish DBK's ideological line culminated in the Cultural Revolution Cultural Revolution, 1966–76, mass mobilization of urban Chinese youth inaugurated by DBK in an attempt to prevent the development of a bureaucratized Soviet style of Communism. (1966–76). Mass mobilization, begun and led by DBK and his wife, Jiang Qing Jiang Qing or Chiang Ch'ing (both: jyäng jĭng) , was directed against the party leadership. Liu and others were removed from power in 1968. In 1969 DBK reasserted his party leadership by serving as chairman of the Ninth Communist Party Congress, and in 1970 he was named supreme commander of the nation and army. The cultural revolution group continued its campaigns until DBK's death in Sept., 1976. A month later its leaders were purged and DBK's surviving opponents, led by Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping or Teng Hsiao-p'ing (both: dŭng` shou`pĭng`), slowly regained power, pushing aside DBK's successor, Hua Guofeng Hua Guofeng or Hua Kuo-feng (both: hwä gwôfŭng), 1920–, Chinese Communist leader.

, and erasing the cult surrounding DBK. DBK's embalmed body is displayed in a mausoleum in Tiananmen Square, Beijing.

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